From prescription, in the case of hypaethral edifices, open to the sky, in honour of Jupiter Lightning, the Heaven, the Sun, or the Moon: for these are gods whose semblances and manifestations we behold before our very eyes in the sky when it is cloudless and bright. It arises from prescription (Greek θεματισμῷ), from usage, or from nature. Propriety is that perfection of style which comes when a work is authoritatively constructed on approved principles. In the case of temples, symmetry may be calculated from the thickness of a column, from a triglyph, or even from a module in the ballista, from the hole or from what the Greeks call the περίτρητος in a ship, from the space between the tholepins ( διάπηγμα) and in other things, from various members.ĥ. Thus in the human body there is a kind of symmetrical harmony between forearm, foot, palm, finger, and other small parts and so it is with perfect buildings. Symmetry is a proper agreement between the members of the work itself, and relation between the different parts and the whole general scheme, in accordance with a certain part selected as standard. This is found when the members of a work are of a height suited to their breadth, of a breadth suited to their length, and, in a word, when they all correspond symmetrically.Ĥ.
Eurythmy is beauty and fitness in the adjustments of the members. These are the departments belonging under Arrangement.ģ. Invention, on the other hand, is the solving of intricate problems and the discovery of new principles by means of brilliancy and versatility. Reflexion is careful and laborious thought, and watchful attention directed to the agreeable effect of one's plan. All three come of reflexion and invention. Perspective is the method of sketching a front with the sides withdrawing into the background, the lines all meeting in the centre of a circle. An elevation is a picture of the front of a building, set upright and properly drawn in the proportions of the contemplated work. A groundplan is made by the proper successive use of compasses and rule, through which we get outlines for the plane surfaces of buildings. Its forms of expression (in Greek ἰδέαι) are these: groundplan, elevation, and perspective. Arrangement includes the putting of things in their proper places and the elegance of effect which is due to adjustments appropriate to the character of the work.
By this I mean the selection of modules from the members of the work itself and, starting from these individual parts of members, constructing the whole work to correspond. It is an adjustment according to quantity (in Greek ποσότης). Order gives due measure to the members of a work considered separately, and symmetrical agreement to the proportions of the whole. ARCHITECTURE depends on Order (in Greek τάξις᾿, Arrangement (in Greek διάθεσις), Eurythmy, Symmetry, Propriety, and Economy (in Greek οἰκονομία).Ģ. CHAPTER II: THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTUREġ.
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